You misunderstand IP networking.
The choice of interface is dictated by IP address, not port (or service).
Easily connect your Mac computer to an Ethernet network with the Apple USB Ethernet Adapter. Small and light, it connects to the USB 2.0 port of your Mac and provides an RJ-45 connector that supports 10/100BASE-T performance. UGREEN Ethernet Adapter USB 2.0 to 10/100 Network RJ45 LAN Wired Adapter for Nintendo Switch, Wii, Wii U, MacBook, Chromebook, Windows 10, 8.1, Mac OS. TRENDnet TU3-ETG USB 3.0 to RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet Network Adapter - Add Gigabit Ethernet to any USB 3.0 compatible PC or Laptop computer - USB to Gigabit Ethernet - USB 3.0 Gigabit Adapter (5) Tripp Lite USB C to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter USB Type C to Gbe 10/100/1000 (U436-06N-GB).
The OS knows the IP subnet assigned to each interface, and traffic for each subnet will go out the appropriate interface.
In addition the OS has one or more routes defined that tells it where to send traffic for non-local networks. Commonly you have one default route defined, so all non-local traffic is sent to that address (typically your router).
Plug in your USB Adapter, with a live ethernet cable. Open System Preferences, and go to the Network Pane. Hit the + button in the bottom right, select the 'USB 2.0 10/100M Ethernet Adapter', and hit add.
The OS doesn't care whether the traffic is HTTP, SMTP, Open Directory, or anything else. All it knows is that the connection is to a specific IP address and that IP address is reached through a specific interface/route combination.
Now, there is a twist to this, in that when you're running a service you can define which interface(s) the service listens on. This means that requests for a service (e.g. HTTP, OD, etc.) only work on interfaces that are configured, and others are dropped, but the same rules of IP routing still apply.
If you want to restrict services you have two options. One is to use the firewall to block connections on the interfaces you don't want. The other is to edit the services' individual configuration file to set which interface(s) are active. Unfortunately there are almost as many ways of doing this as there are services - each service can have its own option. Server Admin/Server.app only provide this kind of option for certain services.
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The choice of interface is dictated by IP address, not port (or service).
Easily connect your Mac computer to an Ethernet network with the Apple USB Ethernet Adapter. Small and light, it connects to the USB 2.0 port of your Mac and provides an RJ-45 connector that supports 10/100BASE-T performance. UGREEN Ethernet Adapter USB 2.0 to 10/100 Network RJ45 LAN Wired Adapter for Nintendo Switch, Wii, Wii U, MacBook, Chromebook, Windows 10, 8.1, Mac OS. TRENDnet TU3-ETG USB 3.0 to RJ45 Gigabit Ethernet Network Adapter - Add Gigabit Ethernet to any USB 3.0 compatible PC or Laptop computer - USB to Gigabit Ethernet - USB 3.0 Gigabit Adapter (5) Tripp Lite USB C to Gigabit Ethernet Adapter USB Type C to Gbe 10/100/1000 (U436-06N-GB).
The OS knows the IP subnet assigned to each interface, and traffic for each subnet will go out the appropriate interface.
In addition the OS has one or more routes defined that tells it where to send traffic for non-local networks. Commonly you have one default route defined, so all non-local traffic is sent to that address (typically your router).
Plug in your USB Adapter, with a live ethernet cable. Open System Preferences, and go to the Network Pane. Hit the + button in the bottom right, select the 'USB 2.0 10/100M Ethernet Adapter', and hit add.
The OS doesn't care whether the traffic is HTTP, SMTP, Open Directory, or anything else. All it knows is that the connection is to a specific IP address and that IP address is reached through a specific interface/route combination.
Now, there is a twist to this, in that when you're running a service you can define which interface(s) the service listens on. This means that requests for a service (e.g. HTTP, OD, etc.) only work on interfaces that are configured, and others are dropped, but the same rules of IP routing still apply.
If you want to restrict services you have two options. One is to use the firewall to block connections on the interfaces you don't want. The other is to edit the services' individual configuration file to set which interface(s) are active. Unfortunately there are almost as many ways of doing this as there are services - each service can have its own option. Server Admin/Server.app only provide this kind of option for certain services.
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Apache, for example, lets you setup the IP address/port combinations in each site's configuration file and is one of the services that Server.app can configure. Other services aren't as easy.
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Feb 29, 2012 3:31 PM
